"UNITED POLITICAL SYSTEM"(PART 2):"SPOTLIGHT ON THE US ADMINISTRATION"!

Le 12 juillet 2012 par IVOIREBUSINESS - The American political system is hard to master in terms of how it operates and functions. For most of the poeople who have not studied the american civilization as a subject at school, even for more american citizens. As a result, it 's indeed relevant to focus on how the Us administration basically works today!It's our

contribution(Ivoirebusiness) as a panafrican publication to take part in the international education and teachings!(...)"The american constitution says, "The executive power shall be vested in a president of the United states of America." The american congress and the president of the United states of AMERICA are almost always in some kind of conflict over what this  "executive power" is!Because of the indefiniteness of the president's authority and the fact it is held by a single person, he is apt to take over in any unusual situation for which no regular rules have been established.The  constitution, to be sure, grants the president some definite powers.His veto of a bill is worth one-sixth of the voting strength of the "Congress", since a bill passes with a bare majority if he says "Yes" and takes two third if he says "NO".In the same trend, the president has the initiative in foreign affairs.On the other hand, the "Senate" can block a treaty that the president has negotiated, but it can not make a treaty or force the president to make one.In the same way, the president of USA is supposed to appoint the higher officers of th executive branch and the armed services, subject to senate approval.But it often happens that a senator urges a candidate upon the president's attention, and the president can not refuse without taking careful thought about how much the white house needs the support of the senator.There is also a custom called"Senatorial courtesy".According to this custom, a senator of the majority party can block my appointment to a federal job in his state by declaring that this man is"personally obnoxious" to him. His fellow senators will then do do him "the courtesy" of refusing to approve thec nomination.This custom, however, does not prevent the republicans, when they are inpower, making their own federal appointments in the south, or the democrats in their time doing the same in the republican states of the north.John Locke, the english philosopher whose ideas strongly influenced the founders of the United states, described in the treaties of government the peculiar and illogical nature of the "prerogative", or executive power in England."Locke" said:"Prerogative was always largest in the hands of our wisest and best princes, because... It was visibly the main  of their conduct tended  to nothing but the care of the public.The people, therefore, finding reason to be satisfied with these princes, because it was visibly the main of their conduct tended to nothing but the care of the public.The people, therefore, finding reason to be satisfied with these princes, whenever, they acted without, or contrary to the letter of the law, acquiesced in what they did judging rightly that they did nothing herein to the prejudice of their laws, since they acted comfortable to the foundation and end of all laws, the public good."Locke" also said that the legislative power supreme and is "sacred and unalterable in the hands where the community have once placed it."Much of the political history of the United states, like that of England, is made up of the working out of this contadictory relationship. In the United states, especially since radio and television have given the people a fairly close contact with their president, the boundary of the executive power have more and more been loca according to the people's judgement of the president. But even in our early history, the president sometimes acted "without, or contrary to the letter of the law"....

(Yves T BOUAZO)(The title, subtitle, intro, extra are from the staff of "IVOIREBUSINESS"-sources:the united states political system from "David cushman coyle")